This book is an ethnographic account of colonialism in the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, India, based on research conducted 1989-1992 and in 2004. It examines the links between colonialism and development under British and Indian administrations, and analyses how the different indigenous groups (the Andamanese, the Onge, the Jarawa and the Sentinelese) have responded differently and been affected in different ways by colonisation and the everyday dynamics of colonial administrative practices. It emphasizes particularly the dynamics of power and gender. In concluding, it looks at the present situation of the Jarawa who, until recently, were known as people that avoided contact with the surrounding society. The book concludes with a section on current advocacy initiatives being spearheaded by civil society organisations and scholars aimed at securing the Jarawa's right to territory and to choose for themselves which future they want. The book includes an appendix containing the 2003 'Draft Policy on the Jarawas' (by Shri K.B. Saxena, member of the Expert Committee on the Jarawas) as well as an alternative Jarawa policy framework drafted by a group of independent experts and observers, of which the author is a member.