Although Indonesia is home to the world's largest Muslim population, its constitution is secular and the country has long had a reputation for religious syncretism and tolerance. But fighting between the Muslims and the Christians in the Moluccas in 1999 and subsequent outbreaks of religious violence elsewhere in the archipelago put paid to this illusion. The emergence of a number of fundamentalist movements, along with growing interpenetration of political and religious spheres and the increasing influence of the ulema on civilian society appeared to change the face of Islam in Indonesia. This book traces and examines in detail the radicalisation and politicisation of Islam in Indonesia, beginning with the founding of the Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia in 1967 right up to the opening years of the 21st century. With short biographies of all the key players, chapter notes, an index and a bibliography. In French.